Since the library has received external contributions, Google is no
longer the sole copyright holder.  Update the boilerplate at the top of
each file to reflect that, and add AUTHORS and CONTRIBUTORS files to
track this information.

This includes most API methods on pull requests (with the exception of
listing commits and the merge functions), as well as all of the methods
for pull request comments. (Fixes #13)

This also fixes a few oversights in the issues API.

This adds basic methods for working with issues, assignees, and issue
comments.  Issue events, labels, and milestones are not included in this
commit. (Fixes #7)